IMPROVING CSR REPORTING AND AUDIT ASSURANCE IN ARMENIAN COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS: METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES, DOUBLE MATERIALITY, AND ESG INDICATORS

Abstract

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become an integral component of sustainable business development and corporate accountability (United Nations Global Compact, 2023). Modern organizations are increasingly expected to disclose not only financial information but also environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance indicators to meet the growing expectations of investors, regulators, and other stakeholders (IFRS Foundation, 2023). In this context, the quality, comparability, and reliability of sustainability-related information depend significantly on the existence of effective reporting and assurance mechanisms (GRI, 2021). Furthermore, recent developments in global sustainability regulation, particularly the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) and the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS), have strengthened the demand for transparent sustainability disclosures and independent assurance practices (European Commission, 2023; EFRAG, 2023).